LISTing Newsletter

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IN THIS ISSUE

SINCLAIR RULES! By John Pazmino

LIST OFFICERS

President: Harvey Rait
Treasurer: Robert Malloy
Cor. Secretary: John Pazmino
Editor: Fred Stern
Librarian: Tom Skapinski

Please send inquiries to:
LIST
Mr. Harvey Rait
5 Peri Lane
Valley Stream, N.Y. 11581
Please send submissions to:
LISTING
Mr. Frederic Stern
124 Roberts Street
Holbrook, N.Y. 11741

NYTSE

NYTSE meets the Monday after the LIST
meeting at:
Miss Kims restaurant
Park Avenue South
Between 21st St. and 22nd St.
Meetings start at 7:30 PM.

COMMING EVENTS

March 19, 1991 LIST meeting
March 11, 1991 NYTSE meeting

ххх EDITORIAL ***

My name is Fred Stern, and I am the
Editor of this LISTing edition. Instead
of having (a final word) in this issue,
I am taking TOP BILLING. Since September
1988, I have been the Editor of this
newsletter, and it has been а labor of
love which I have enjojed greatly. A
time has come where, because of workload
from my job, other obligations to my
family and other Sinclair/Timex interests
I must submit my resignation from this
position. I am requesting that an active
member come forward and volunteer his or
her services to take over this position.
If you are interested, please contact me
at 516-737-9963 in the evening.

MEETING MINUTES
February 19th 1991

Harvey called the meeting to order at
3:99 РМ.

All new members who have not received a

complimentary program tape please send
a letter to Harvey at the above address
and specify which tape you want; TS1000
or TS2068.

John Pazmino reported on a number of
correspondence he has answered.

Fred Stern reported that Technical
Tidbits Part II will be available for
sale by the April meeting.

In June we will have a meeting/swapfest.
All sellers are requested to send a list
of items with prices for publication in
LISTing. Please send in your list by the
April meeting.

GOOD NEWS

Bob Gilder reports that Hugo is recuper-
ating slowly but surely and we all send
him our best.

PROGRAM TAPES

THE LIST TS1000 апа TS2068 program tapes
are ready for sale. The prices are:
$6.00 by mail;
54.00 at the meetings.

LIST MERCHANDISE SALE

LIST has the following merchandise for

sale. It is selling fast, so you better
hurry;

TECHNICAL TIDBITS $ 4.00

QL MICRODRIVE CARTRIDGES,

set of 4 in a wallet $15.00

TS2040 PRINTER $15.00

TAPE RECORDER-PANASONIC $15.00
PROGRAM TAPES are recorded on quality
name brand, C-60 cassette tapes.

The above merchandise can be seen and
purchased at the next LIST meeting.

kkk QL NEWS ***

Bob Gilder has developed a QL Program
Library, availabe on 5.25" disks. The
disks are priced at $5.00 at meetings or
$7.00 by mail. For information regarding
3.5" disks and M/D cartridges, send a
SASE to Bob at the following address:
69 Jefferson Place, Massapequa, N.
11758.

ge

FOR YOUR
I HPORHRT Ic I

PERSONAL COMPUTING / OCTOBER 1989

10 Top Personal Computers
Worldwide Of The Last Decade

1. ‘Commodore: Сва: аута танана соса. 7,280,000
2. 1BM PC РСК РА а ET па а Па Hote 4,577,000
3. Apple Al, MC; WE; NGS о ete 4,487,000
4. Sharp 12XX, 13XX, 15XX, 16XX ѕегіеѕ....................... 4,055,000
5. Commodore: C128... reris deas 4,003,000
6. Commodore Vic-20 ..........cccesescesccesscccsssceccsceesescenssees 2,246,000
7. Apple Мас, Mac Plus, МасЅЕ................................... 2,063,000
8. Texas Instruments 99/4A ss 2,053,000
9: Sincloir.2XB0, 81.2. ааш 1,790,000
10. Tandy TRS-80 Color Computer ................................. 1,754,000

1978-1988 worldwide sales. Source: InfoCorp, ома Clara, Calif.

10 Top US. Personal Computers Of
The Last Decade

IBM РС, PC XT

Commodore C64 | `

Apple И, ИС, ПЕ, NGS

Apple Мос, Mer Plus, МосбЕ
Commodore Vic-20

Tondy TRS-80 Color Computer
Commodore C128

Texas instruments 99/4A -

Shorp 12-, 13-, 15-, 16XX series
Sinclair 7x80, 81 |. — 3

IN MILLIONS

1978-1988 U.S. soles. Source: ІпіоСогр, Sonto Clara, Colil..

л

AN ACCURATE COMPUTER

ce ee ew oo

The following program was tried on the
ATARI, OHIO SCIENTIFIC, PET TRS-80 MODI
TRS-80 COLOR and the TI 99/45: |

10 FOR А=1 ТО 100 STEP .1
20 PRINT À
30 NEXT А

Only the the ATARI and the TI printed the

corrected list of numbers. The next рго-
gram ran properly only on the TI.

10 PRINT "BEGIN"
20 FOR A-1 TO O
30 PRINT A

40 NEXT А

50 PRINT "END"

QZX 1996 OCTOBER

TECHNICAL TIDBITS
KSXY

I have just bought a very interesting
booklet from L.I.S.T., the Long Island Sound
Sinclair-Timex Group. It is entitled "2X-81
and 751000 Technical Tidbits". 1 found it
very interesting.

It consists of 22 single sided pages
full of information appropriate to the title.
It has four full page circuit diagrams and
several smaller ones. It contains a short
history of these machines and details of
where they were built and some of the minor
variations between models.

There is much other useful informa-
tion. In one section there is a careful de-
scription of how to take the computer apart
and put it back together safely. This infor-
mation is used in the section which deals
with problems related to the flexible connec-
tion between the Keyboard and the main
circuit board which is the usual cause of
keyboard problems. Power supply problems
rate a separate section including sugges-
tions on how to get rid-of excess heat. A
modification to include 16 K of internal RAM
is discussed. Another internal RAM section
gives some of the details needed to under-
stand RAM decoding.

The thing I missed most was some
details of the difficulties many face with
loading tapes. The book is silent on this
widely discussed subject. Nevertheless it
contains much useful information for the
2781, Т51000, and TS1500 owner. It only
costs $4.00 and is obtainable from

L.I.S.T.
5 Peri Lane
Valley Stream, NY. 11581

All except the TI printed а 1 bewteen the
"BEGIN" and "END" when the FOR-NEXT loop
was not true.

These same two programs were tried on the
ZX-61/TS 1000 and quess what. Our machine
ran both and the correct responses were
obtained. Not bad for a toy!

SINCLAIR NEUS 5 UIEUS E

SINCLAIR RULES! By John Pazmino
From the Mother Country (without Mother; she resigned in late
November) comes the news that the SAM Coupe', the Spectrum work-more-

or-less-alike from Miles Gordon Technology, is in terminal decay.
According to the UK commentary the Coupe' just plain never found a
proper home. It actually didn't emulate the Spectrum; it only allowed
playonly access to many -- perhaps not even most -- Spectrum games.
While a British house, Lerm Software, did issue SAMTAPE to effect a
complete emulation via software and even expanded it into SAMTAPE-2,
Sinclairs saw no advantage in the Coupe! over a stock Spectrum.

The SAM's advanced features, mainly in sound and color, suffered
from the hesitant issuance of native software to exploit them.
Software publishers were reluctant to carry a new, and not terribly
distinct and challenging, platform on their books.

An other and good impediment against the Coupe' was the pricing.
To get full use of the instrument's advanced features you had to add
accessory discdrives, RGB display, and extra RAM. All this stacked
the dollar outlay about as high as that for an estáblished 68000-chip
system, one that already had good software and support. In the UK the
main such system is the Atari ST and, indeed, most Sinclairs on their
outmove from Spectrum do settle on the Atari ST.

So, Miles Gordon are in receivership, as the British call
bankruptcy, and it is an oddson bet that by the year's end the firm
will shut down. MGT estimate that alltime sales of the SAM Coupe'
quite equalled a myriad of units.

For the midnight fever on the Sinclair scene we look to the Venice
of the North, the City of Peter, the Land of the White Night. Yes, in
Leningrad the Spectrum is hale and hearty! |

No!, I'm not making this up! You're thinking of that other guy
Dave Barry! This is for real! Testacularly real!!

With the continuing erosion of the Iron Curtain the [former?]
Soviet people are reaching out on their own to develop indigenous
skills, resources, and authority. Intercompex, a new partnership of
computerists, is doing this by building and selling Spectrum clones!

Called the Hobbit, with nothing to do with Tolkein but being the
translitteration of some Russian acronym, it looks much like a
unitized lowend IBM clone, a la Tandy or Laser or even Sinclair. The
guts are inside an IBM keyboard and to it are attached up to four IBM
#5-1/4 discdrives and an IBM CGA display. Across the back of the
keyboard are ports for the display, discdrives, cassette ear and mic,
joystick or kindred device, serial output, parallel output, and
worldwide power supply.

There is no cardedge because all peripherals are connected thru
the provided IBM ports directly. Hence, no stock Sinclair accessories
will connect to it but almost anything else will. This seeming design
flub owes to the [admittedly sporadic] availability of IBM accessories
in the USSR and the essential absence of those for Sinclair and other
systems.

The extensive use of IBM parts and components was dictated by
sheer availability. There is a vast and virulent industry for IBM
components and these sift into Russia thru the borders. There is
little opportunity for importing components for other systems. In
fact, I could cobble a convincing mockup of the Hobbit with the gumbo
from any local computer bazaar. As we'll see later, this may be an
adit into this country for the machine.

Intercompex assures that the ROM is a bonafide Spectrum ROM duly
acquired from Amstrad, who now have title to it, and the Hobbit is a
true Spectrum workalike. They saw the fiasco of that watch company

when it tinkered with the Spectrum in America.

Yet the Hobbit is not just a Spectrum in Big Blue clothes. It is
probably what the native Spectrum would have been if Sinclair and
Amstrad allowed it to evolve into the 19905. There are several rather
cunning features added in without compromising the Sinclair demeanor.

ОК, it is a Russian contrivance, so it outputs in the Cyrillic
character set. Ah, but, there's а toggle key that instantly flips
everything to the Latin and then the Arabic set. The keyboard has 74
tegulae, from the IBM-XT layout, and 40 of these map directly into the
40 keys of the original Spectrum. One more key is the character set
toggle. The remaining 33 keys are softkeys assignable by the operator
to any Spectrum operations or functions. Typicly these would include
the famous augmented functions mounted on the home set of 40 keys.

The discdrives are driven by code in a segregated part of RAM, not
in ROM. This allows the drives to mimic any of the many Spectrum disc
formats by loading an appropriate driver program. Thusly, you could
load a program from (to cite familiar American formats) a Larken disc
and then save it to anAerco disc. The two discs are slotted in turn
into the one and the same drive but the drive is governed by the two

different driver programs. You can also load from cassette and save
to disc or viceversa.

Built into the Hobbit, and paged in as desired, are Beta, a
splinter version of CP/M, and a Hot-Z type of machine code processor.
(The Russians know of CP/M thru utterly ediurnate litterature!) The
motherboard sports an extra socket for plugin ROMs to emulate other
computers. These, of course, must be customized to cope with the
Hobbit's hardware and 1/0. You can not just stick in an Apple II or
Amstrad chip. For starts, Intercompex has chips that preserve the
Spectrum soul but implement other languages: C, FORTH, LOGO, and
Pascal. Which is say, with the Pascal chip installed you get the "к"
prompt but the editor/parser will accept only Pascal statements.

Wow!, can you just see the lines outside Detsky Mir to buy this
fabulous machine? Not quite. Lines there are plenty of in Russia
these days, but they lead to pitifully barren shelves. There is no
system of manufacturing, distribution, marketting, banking, servicing,
and so on for home computers (or anything alse). With the collapse of
the old regime and the protracted interregnum there is little hope
that a native home computer market will develop soon.

There is also the money situation. A standard Spectrum, smuggled
into the country and sold on the black market, sells for the ruble
equivalent of -- hold your bladder -- $28,000! In Soviet terms this
is TEN YEARS of the mean salary of a toiler or peasant!! Yet, ina
land where unsupervised thoughts landed you in deep prison, the lure
of a gadget that thinks for itself is just too much.

So Intercompex is aiming at the schools. Schools in Leningrad,
like those in New York, work out ways to pay for stuff they covet.
The enterprise loads some units into a kited van and shabashniks
around town and in the suburbs. So far, in their first year of
operations, they sold about 15,000 units. Please bear in mind that
when Gorbachev ascended the throne in 1985 he vowed to place in the
Soviet schools one million computers by the end of this century. As
he spoke those words there were in all the schools of all the Russias
just two computers.

But why clone the Sinclair Spectrum? It is simply the computer of
the realm in Russia. Besides the black market real McCoys there are
untold thousands of kitchentable homemade clones of them. The
colloguial Russian word for "computer fan" or "computerist" is, no
kidding, "sinclairski". The IBM is fast coming along, however, it is
concentrated in labs, universities, and institutes and not in homes.

How did the Spectrum achieve such a stature? Well, look at the

thing: а rather slim and flat slab easily tucked into a large pocket
to sneak thru border crossings. With a few [deliberately mislabelled]
casettes in the other pocket, you become a complete walking
computerist in Sheremetyevo airport. Try breezing past the guards
with an Apple II or Atari 800 or a Commodore C-64 -- and their
necessary and chunky peripherals -- under your jacket. (By a freak
happenschance, the Spectrum is exactly the size of the vodka pouch on
a toiler's overalls!)

Is, then, the Hobbit fated to forever range along the Neva River?
Emissaries of Intercompex think not. They are fanning out into Europe
and Third World countries to explore export prospects. They can do
this self-intiated dealing thanks to the dissipation of command,
control, and coersion thruout the Soviet Union. I myself find their
expectations too idealist and naive. By the same token, the Leningrad
lads are today saying stuff that a scant two years ago would have

earned them lots of sunbathing in Oymyakon. I would observe that,
with the general rise in economies and lifestyle in the Third World,

it is still a long while before the rank and file citizeh will have
the casual discretion to get a home computer.

There is also the corundum of pricing. To Intercompex and,
indeed, all the emerging Russian enterprises, the concept and practice
ef pricing is yet protozoic. Absolutely they can not ask $28,000 a
pop! But to close any deals and book sales they do have to examine if
the mere recupement of these costs sets a price to make buyers smile.
At the same time the price çan not be so low that the buyers grin.

Ah, now, is there a prospect for the Soviet Spectrum in America?
Here the Spectrum had a brief and intense blaze in the early 1980s.
Whence sprang LIST, other Sinclair clubs, and a Sinclair industry.

The commercial sector is now about vanished but the clubs remain.
Alas, the whole sum of all Sinclairs in the States probably does not
excede one myriad. This is far from the critical mass required to
Sustain a revived Sinclair industry in the States.

Whoa!, check out that Hobbit again. It's entirely made of IBM
hardware! There IS, despite the initial discouragement, an intriquing
adit into America for this Russian machine.

in as much as virtuallly all American computerists have an IBM rig
Or can get one trivially for under a thousand dollars, Americans
already have all the hardware components of the Hobbit. The remaining
bits, the motherbooard and circuitry, could be built as a card to slot
into an up-&-running IBM. Voila'!, mens Sinclair in corpore IBM! This
card will have the cassette and joystick ports, being that these are
wanting on the ordinary IBM chassis. Boot software will come on
either a DOS disc or a Sinclair cassette. Then by a DOS statement
like "SET CPU-HOBBIT" you get the Sinclair welcome banner.

Sinclair rules!

* THIS COMPUTER PROGRAM
ENABLES Юи TO МЕНЕ | .
BUSINESS LETTERS BY-
SIMPLY FEEDING IN
RANDOM THOUGHTS O
A SUBJECT...

...

Em2O o-«*mraoz

TECH TALK

i
TECHAICRL TALE- ПОТЕГ - ИТЯСБЯНЕ - DATH- SUCCESTIONS -IGFORMATION eee

Miracle Systems Serial/Parallel Printer Interface - Bob Gilder

The following subject matter for I realized that this was a timing
this article was prompted by a problem which was directly related
member of LIST who had ordered a to the CMOS 555 timer IC's used in
Serial/Parallel Printer Interface the circuit. I purchased several
from SHARP's and it took 6 months different CMOS 555 timer types and
before he had received it! Plus found that the LMC555CN timers
several QL hardware manufacturers cured my problem. If you need to
in the U.K. have given up support replace these devices in your
as stated in а recent issue of interface, try to get the exact
Sinclair QL World magazine. By no replacement of what you have and
means is this to be considered a if you can't locate them, purchase
construction article as this the LMC555CN timers from the
circuit is probably protected by source listed below. 1 tried
copyright. It is for information Radio Shack's TLC555's and found
purposes only in the event that that adjustment of the timing
YOUR S/P Printer Interface goes controls were too critical and
bad and you want to repair it they are slightly higher in price
yourself. . This is the reason that compared to the LMC555CN timers.
I wanted to examine the subject
hardware, so that I could There are two variable controls
trouble-shoot and repair it if which require adjustment. I
need be.. didn't take any measurements as
far as resistance or voltage ; I
I started by drawing’ the printed adjusted the controls a little at
circuit layout on one side of a a time until the printer responded
piece of paper and then on the Printing correctly. The 47K (can
other side I drew out the parts be 50K) control I adjusted to the
placement directly over the РС full clock-wise position ( this
traces. The schematic drawing was was due to using a 220K resistor
completed after two prototypes instead of a 240K resistor as the
were built and working. My hat is circuit called for). The 4.7K (can
off to the individual who be 5K) control was adjusted to
originally designed the PC layout approximately an 11 0' clock
for this interface as it is quite position.
complicated with many traces
interwinding between the IC pins. The second unit built also gave me
This made the job of tracing the timing problems. That was because
circuit difficult. To insure that the timing capacitors used were
duplication of the circuit board well out of tolerance required for
was correct, 1 de-soldered every the circuit to perform as it
component on the PC board and then should. They were replaced with
made corrections to the drawings. two capacitors that I checked out
on a capacitor meter and prototype
І prototyped two units. The first unit two operated fine. The range
one was built on a Radio Shack IC for the capacitors used for timing
prototype board, approximately should be between .0030mf to
measuring 4 x 5 inches. The .0036mf. The capacitors installed
second unit was half the size of in the Miracle unit were 1%
number one. All 12" 5 were polystyrene types.
socketed (it was a good idea), in
the event the unit didn't Insure that if you have to replace
work...and it didn't work! When I either the 74HCO2 IC or the
fired up the first unit built, 74HC164 IC that they are exact
printing did occur, however, the replacements. These IC's are low
characters printed were not the power CMOS devices which draw
same characters from my test their operating power from the
document. QL's Serial Port. These IC's can

-f=

а150 ђе purchased from the printer would not print from a QL.

supplier indicated below. The first thing I do is hook up

my spare QL and try printing. Each
All the resistors are standard 5% time the printer responded as it
1/4W with the exception of the should with the printer interface
240K resistor which 15 only connected to SERL or SER2. Now I
obtainable as a 1%, 1/4W. A 220K knew that the 1488 IC was blown &
and a 20K resistor сап be placed most likely the -12 volt regulator
in series to obtain an approximate was also no good. The 1488
240K value or if you have an OHM requires +12 volts and - 12 volts
Meter you will find that in a for operation. In each case both
batch of 220K resistors some will IC's had to be replaced....and in
be on the high side of the each case it was my fault! I do a
indicated value on the resistor. lot of experimenting with various
Use it and make up the difference interfaces and at times, I become
with the adjustment of the 47K careless.
control. >

ТЕ you have difficulty repairing
The .Olmf capacitors can be your Serial/Parallel Printer
ceramic disc types. The 33mf Interface you can drop me a line
electrolytic capacitor can have a in care of LIST and I will
value up to 100mf and the .0033mf promptly reply with help.
capacitors should be close ox e de d e de x x
tolerance units as described KRP Electronic Supermarket, Inc.,
earlier in the text. 219 W. Sunrise HWY, Freeport, NY

11520. Telehone Number
One final note: If your printer 516-623-3343. They have а supply
does not respond when required, it of all the IC's used in this
may not be the Serial/Parallel circuit and prices are not high.
I/F. On several occasions my - 11/30/90 -

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QL Information......

Bob Gilder

EPROM CONCEPTS

The QL memory map contains several areas
which can be used for expansion hardware
and/or EPROMS. The ROM expansion port
uses the 16 kilobyte slots from address
$C000 to $FFFF. Another 16 slots are
available between addresses $C0000 to
$FFFFF.

A ROM slot, located at the rear of the
QL, allous users to place additional
ROMs on-line as if they were part of the
native operating system. ICE,
SuperToolkit II, Speedscreen and
CPMulator and other EPROM based programs
normally occupy this slot.

Each time the QL is reset, it checks for
ROM drivers. The availability of add-on
ROMs is identified by the long-word flag
48780001. If the flag is set the QL will
link in the additional procedures from
the ROM to the QL operating system.
These programs are usually initialized
by keywords ( TK2 ext for SuperToolkit
II and ICE for ICE).

Contents on EPPOM can be copied to disk
or microdrive cartridge after the EPROM
cartridge is inserted in the rear slot
and after pressing 'Е1' or ’F2’, type
SBYTES flpi (or nmdul. )filename,
49152,16384. Of course, you cannot run
these programs from disk ог microdrive
unless they are reformatted by a special
program as оп 'Locksmith & 4matter’.
However, if you have an EPROM
programmer, they can be duplicated on
EPROM using this method.

EPROMs currently used within the QL are
27128 (16k), 27256 (32k) and 27512 (64k)
and are manufactured in either NMOS ог
CMOS, the latter being preferential as
they are low power devices.

Any one doing serious work with EPROMs
will almost inevitably acquire an EPROM
programmer. Even if you had no previous
experience with a programmer, you will
find the QEP III exceptionally easy to
use. Every attention has been paid to
the smallest detail with regard to both
presentation and function. The QEP III
occupies the QL expansion port and
remains resident until it is invoked
with the command 'EPROM' or 'ЕРВОМ
size’, where size is the working area
used by ФЕР III.

This versatile and flexible programmer
is suitable for the complete range of
5-volt NMOS and CMOS EPROMS from
2716/2516 types to 27512 type. Three
programming voltages are provided -
12.7, 21 or 25 volts.

A 28 pin ’ZIF’ (zero insertion force)
socket accommodates ап EPROM- either a
programmed chip, which is to be copied
into the QL memory ог a new chip ready
to be programmed.

There are many other features available
on the ФЕР III programmer which would
only be of interest to any one
interested in EPROM programming. I did
read in one UK publication that in
Europe, the QL was being purchased with
the ФЕР III by some individuals, to be
used exclusively as an EPROM Programming
and/or Duplicating machine.

Several programs are available to
convert SuperBASIC programs to а ВОМ
resident file so that it can be copied
to an EPROM. RPM is.one. such program,
developed by Liberation Softure, UK.
The other program available is titled
Things and Eprom Manager II by Jochen
Merz Software, West Germany.

Both programs provide a means by which a
ROM header is developed with the flag
$4AFB0001 and an initialization pointer
for your basic programs. I have RPM and
have not been able to master it as yet.
Perhaps some дау.........

There is another important item
necessary when programming EPROMs; it is
an EPROM eraser when things go wrong,
perhaps the program won’t initialize or
possibly some additional programming may
be desired. An EPROM eraser uses UV
(Ultra Violet) light as the source for
cleaning out the burned-in program. The
eraser I use 15 the DATARASE, which has
the capability of erasing two eproms
simultaneously within two-to-three
minutes. The manufacturer of this
product claims that most EPROMs can be
erased approximately 500 times before an
EPROM is permanently damaged with their
eraser.

Next month I will discuss methods for
using more than one EPROM on the QL.

LKDOS loader for LARKEN Disk system. Will load your programs and files
from list printed on screen by simply moving the cursor over the one
uou want to load. Ho TBRiBE in names and extensions anymore. fH reat
help to LARKER users. ICE $5.88. Order from Том Skapinski, 7 Afkinson
LN, Coram WY 11727.. CANADA orders $5.75 includes S/H.
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Deleting Blocks of Basic Statements

Don Kraska

On several occasions, 1 have had to delete a
large block of Basic program statements from
an existing program. For example, I devel-
oped a loader program to process “pseudo
machine code" into actual absolute address
machine language code. The loader is written
in Basic and is several hundred statements in
length. After the machine language code is
debugged and running properly, 1 only want to
retain the REM statements containing the ma-
Chine code, not the loader. Deleting the loader
program one line at a time is a tedious, time
consuming process. 1 decided there had to be
a better way.

Closer inspection of the chapter on system
variables in the manual, uncovered the word
NXTLIN at address 16425. The definition is:

SX2 16425 NXTLIN Address of next pro-
gram line to be executed.

Don Kraska, 2101 Ledge Rd., Hinckley, OH
44233.

Suppose I put some statements just before
the first line 1 wanted to delete, and some
other statements just after the last line I
wanted to delete. I should be able to calculate

— Figure 1. Sample Deleting Lines 200-5000. __

10
. (10-190 ARE LINES
19e TO BE KEPT)
191 LET SzPEEK 16425+256»РЕЕК 1
642643
192 REM
193 LET LzE-S-1
194 POKE S,INT (1256
195 POKE S-1,L-256#PEEK 5
199 STOP
200
. (200-5000 ARE LINES
> TO DELETE)
5006
соаг LET Е=РЕЕК 16425+256#РЕЕК 1
4
5002 GOTO 191
5010
"s (5019-9990 ARE LINES
. TO ВЕ KEPT)
3990

the total length of all the lines in between.
Then I could POKE this length into a REM
statement at the beginning of the block. The
REM statement would then include all the
statements I wished to delete. Deletion of the
REM statement would delete the entire
length. I thought this would work, since I had
learned through experimentation that state-
ment deletions are based on length only, not
the ending ENTER character.

It does work. Figure 1 shows sample coding
to delete lines 200 through 5000. The state-
ments with line numbers which are not multi-
ples of 10 are the statements necessary to per-
form the deletion. After adding the necessary
statements, type in: GOTO 5001 and hit
ENTER. You will stop with 9/199. Now de-
lete lines 191, 192 and 5002. Lines 200-5000
will be deleted and also all the coding used
to delete them. "x

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